“Dance of Loss” (article by LBD caregiver)

The July/August 2006 issue of Neurology Now contains a sweet article from Ginnie Burkholder, who cares for her husband with Lewy Body Dementia (LBD).  You can find the short article by going to https://www.aan.com/ and then doing a search on Burkholder.  I’ve copied the text below.

Neurology Now, a relatively new online publication of the American Academy of Neurology, is available free.  This magazine is written for patients, families, and caregivers of persons with neurological disorders — from migraine headaches to Alzheimer’s Disease.  This bi-monthly magazine focuses on positive messages regarding wellness and prevention, current research, clinical trials, and patient stories that emphasize coping.

Robin
———————

Dance of Loss: Longing for the life shared before a husband’s dementia
Ginnie Horst Burkholder
Neurology Now
July/August 2006

It is a May morning as I listen to Anne Murray sing “Could I have this dance for the rest of my life?” I once knew that sentiment for my husband. I miss the vibrant person who invited that feeling, and I miss the dance.

I do my exercises with the sun on my back, sitting in front of an east window. Finished, I stare at the wallpaper. I am back in time when it was hung by my husband, who always said he could do anything. The match is off on this wall. Was this the beginning of this cannibalistic disease or just one of those mistakes anyone can make?

I look at two more walls. One matches perfectly. Another waited years for the papering job to be completed. He had lost interest. Or was it the disease again? I am flooded with memories of life before the onset of this progressive dementia caused by brain abnormalities called Lewy bodies. I marvel at all we managed to enjoy before his diagnosis nine years ago at the age of 51.

People say you have your good memories. It is true. I remember that once he knew my birthday, knew I didn’t want sugar on my cereal, knew I needed a backrub, tossed me a wink. But the longing for what was eats at me, and I cannot stay there. The memories are stark reminders of what should have been. Like a bird with nowhere to land, my thoughts avoid the past and the certain deterioration in the future and, instead, alight unwillingly in what we have, the present.

Nelson still remembers my name, but he doesn’t remember me. Usually. Last night, he couldn’t say my name. He resorted to Amy’s mom. I hurt for him, provided my name, and said, “I’m here. What do you need?”

I’m calm, compassionate, but inside, like a leaky faucet, sadness drips from a never-ending spigot of loss.

The loss and longing are everywhere. It is there at lunch in an innocent conversation with my sister about water softeners when I ask how much salt they go through. She doesn’t know; her husband takes care of that. The longing for someone to be the live-in handler of such responsibilities explodes like a fire burst inside of me. I cannot escape that I alone am the manager for this household.

Another lunch, and another sister is having her neck rubbed by her husband. She says it feels so good she doesn’t want to move. I feel the stiffness in my own neck and shoulders, and know the futile longing for Nelson to be able to do what he once would have done willingly and easily. Lewy body disease has made his motions stiff and wooden.

Reminders are all around me. Couples our age are traveling. We take turns driving. It is like the carrot that should have been ours has gone to everyone else.

This morning I say to him, “Eat something and take your pills.”

“You played a trick on me,” he answers. “There is nothing in there.”

I tilt the pills from the container into his hand and assure him there is. I no longer bother to wonder why or how he can do what he does.

His offering of love to me is the morning kiss goodbye at the beginning of the day as he goes out the door to his adult daycare or the things he made as he comes back home later that afternoon. There is a snowman made from fuzzy little puffballs, a small painted wooden horse, or a card with some painting on it. He brings them proudly and we put them on display.

I long for him to anticipate my need and bring me unexpected love offerings. But the blinds this disease has pulled over his vibrancy are opened for only brief moments. “You are my queen for the day,” he says, as I tuck him in for the night. In those moments, I know his love remains even though the dance is gone, replaced by wooden feet, confusion, this always unpredictable disease, and so much longing for what could have been.

First Steps after a Dementia Diagnosis

Hurley Elder Care Law offices are based in Atlanta. In the August 2007 issue of their publication “The Elder Issue,” they offer some guidelines for families to follow once a family member has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or any dementia type.

Some of the steps families should follow include:

* Organize a family meeting
* Assess your loved one’s abilities
* Learn about Alzheimer’s disease
* Find a good healthcare provider
* Make long term plans
* Create a support network
* Investigate resources for local support

Here’s a copy of the law firm’s advice. Just replace “Alzheimer’s Disease” with whatever disorder of interest to you as I think the guidelines apply to us all.

Robin

——————-

http://www.openmoves.com/accounts/hurley/issue08_0807-online.html#parents_more

Family Caregivers’ Guide to First Steps after a Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Hurley Elder Care Law
The Elder Issue
August 2007

Family situations vary tremendously. Sometimes all adult children and the spouse of the person with AD are in agreement as to the next steps to take, but possibilities for family disagreements are many. The cooperation of the person with AD is very important. Sometimes the person with AD is willing to stop driving, sign all of the important legal documents, and accept the care that he or she may need. But often there is resistance to making changes by the person with dementia.

There are concrete steps that family members can take to make the journey smoother. Some of the steps that you can take as a family member of the person with dementia are:

FAMILY MEETING: Arrange for a regular family meeting to discuss all of the issues related to the diagnosis. Discuss the diagnosis with everyone in the family including family members in other cities or states. Talk about what needs to be done now and in the future. Although the responsibilities of various family members will differ, everyone needs to know what is happening. It is a good idea to have one person who will speak for the family on issues related to health care and the same person or a different person who will speak for the family on financial issues. After the family decides the correct person for each responsibility, formal power of attorney forms can be signed. For example, some family members may live in the same city as the person with dementia. It would make logical sense to designate one of those family members with power of attorney for health care since they can go to the doctor’s office with the person with dementia.

FAMILY MEMBER WITH AD: Make a realistic assessment of the abilities of the person with the disease. The family members cannot rely solely on what the person says she or he can do. These actions must be observed first hand. The idea is to give the person with the disease as much as they can reasonably do for themselves, while not making unrealistic demands. Driving, making financial decisions, staying alone, and using the kitchen safely are all examples of issues that need to be examined on a regular basis. As an example, a person with dementia may think that it is still safe to drive the car alone even though she or he may have gotten lost recently.

LEARNING ABOUT AD: Learn all that you can about the disease. Read books, search the Internet, talk with other family caregivers like yourself, and talk to knowledgeable health care providers. One good place to start is the Alzheimer’s Association at www.alz.org and 1-800-272-3900. A very useful book is “The 36 Hour Day: A Family Guide for Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease, Related Dementing Illnesses, and Memory Loss in Late Life” by Nancy Mace & Peter Rabins.

MEDICAL CARE: Find a health care provider with whom you can work. It may be the physician who diagnosed the disease, or it could be a research physician at Wesley Woods of Emory University or another research program. The person you work with should understand the progression of the disease and know the latest information on medications to treat the symptoms. It is very important that someone goes to each physician appointment with the individual suffering from Alzheimer’s disease in order to better understand the disease and the treatment. This is actually true for most people since they cannot remember everything that the doctor told them five minutes later, regardless of whether they have memory impairment or not.

LIFE CARE PLANNING. Make certain that the necessary legal and financial plans are in place. The most important thing that people should consider is how to find, get and pay for good long term care. This includes the need for an evaluation of the assets available, who needs to have access to those assets and what are the alternative means of financing long term care. From the legal document perspective, a review of or putting into place a Durable Power of Attorney, Health Care Power of Attorney and a Will and/or Trust is very important while the individual still has sufficient capacity to make such decisions.

EMOTIONAL SUPPORT: Set up a support system for yourself. Who in your family or among your circle of friends would be the most supportive of you and your family? Work with them in finding the help you need. You may just need to have someone listen to you and provide some relief from care giving. You may want to join a support group sponsored by the Alzheimer’s Association to work through the feelings that you have and to get ideas about how to best care for your family member with AD. Remember that if you burn out as a caregiver, you are no good to anyone, including yourself.

SAFE RETURN: At a minimum, register the person with Alzheimer’s disease in Safe Return. This is a program of the Alzheimer’s Association that consists of a national registry and an identification bracelet. The cost for Safe Return is $40.00 for the first year and $20 for each year your relative is in the program. With changing technology, there are more and more options available for people to locate a lost or wandering loved one.

RESOURCES TO HELP: Find out about services available in Georgia to assist a person with Alzheimer’s disease. Develop a list of places to contact including adult day, home care agencies, and long term care facilities. Know the services available in your community so you can access these organizations and services as you need them.

CAREGIVER SUPPORT: Take care of yourself. You need to think of yourself as a long-distance runner, not as a sprinter. Pace yourself. Prepare for the long haul. This is not a disease that develops or progresses quickly. Learn to recognize your stress risks and find ways to relieve them. Accept help. Your life and the life of the person with the disease depend upon you caring for yourself.

DIFFICULT SITUATIONS: Difficult situations can easily develop related to family members with Alzheimer’s disease. One example is when the spouse or adult children will not take the keys away from the person with AD, nor will they admit that there are safety issues involved because they themselves are in denial. People in certain stages of the disease cannot make rational decisions. Remember that and take action to protect not only your family member, but the public at large. Another frequently occurring situation happens when one spouse has Alzheimer’s disease and the other spouse has physical health problems. In this circumstance, the husband and wife need different kinds of care and may not be able to stay in their home indefinitely. It pays to be prepared for this eventuality.

HELPING CHILDREN AND TEENS. If you are an adult daughter or son caring for a parent with Alzheimer’s disease, it is likely that you have young children or teenagers still living in the home. Children often experience a wide range of emotions when a parent or grandparent has AD. Younger children may be fearful that they will get the disease or that they did something to cause it. Teenagers may become resentful if they must take on more responsibilities or feel embarrassed that their parent or grandparent is “different.” It is important to find out what the emotional needs of your children are and try to meet them.

The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease or any related dementia can be very threatening news, but when a spouse and/or adult children are willing to deal with the illness in a systematic manner, family conflicts can be minimized and the quality of life of the person with the disease can be maximized. The most important thing to do is to take action and take action quickly. The sooner that action is taken, the more options there are available.

Five Approximate Phases of Lewy Body Dementia (as seen by caregivers)

This post is about five phases of Lewy Body Dementia, according to a group of caregiver spouses.

Some members of the LBD_caringspouses Yahoo!Groups list have been working on the “LBD Approximate Phases” for a year now.  I just received from Sue Lewis this final version of the Phases.  This caregivers’ view of the five phases of LBD is a worthwhile document, especially for those new to the world of LBD.  They’ve been working on this list on and off for so long that, at this point, they are not inviting your suggestions on how to modify the document.  But they welcome any general comments (primarily positive ones, I think)!  You can send comments to me and I’ll pass them on (unless you know Sue Lewis’ contact info from the LBD_caringspouses list).

Robin

 


LBD APPROXIMATE PHASES AS SEEN BY CARING SPOUSES
August 2007

Facilitated by Sue Lewis of West Virginia, edited by June Christensen, Kansas

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS

ADL: Activities of Daily Living – dressing/bathing/ feeding oneself
BP: Blood Pressure
CG: Caregiver
DME: Durable Medical Equipment–wheel chair, shower chair
DPOA: Durable Power of Attorney
LBD: Lewy Body Dementia
LO: Loved One
LW: Living Will
MPOA: Medical Power of Attorney
PCP: Primary Care Physician
POA: Power of Attorney
REM: Rapid Eye Movement sleep disorder
URI: Upper Respiratory Infection
UTI: Urinary Tract Infection
WCh: Wheelchair

PHASE I POSSIBILITIES

Most caregivers are concerned/worried that something is not right. Please note that symptoms from later stages can appear at this early phase. At the end of this phase, dementia is becoming difficult to deny

  • Possible REM sleep disorder
  • Restless Leg Syndrome
  • Hallucinations
  • Possible Parkinson’s disease diagnosis
  • Myoclonus (involuntary jerking) 
  • Increased daytime sleep – two+ hours
  • Loss of sense of smell (Anosmia)
  • Vision problems
  • Hearing loss
  • Speech problems ·
  • Impaired physical coordination (ataxia)
  • Shuffling gait
  • Slowness of movement
  • Altered posture (called Lewy Lean) 
  • Chronic runny nose
  • Impaired comprehension and cognition
  • Inability to learn new tasks
  • Loss of initiative and interests
  • Diminished alertness
  • Short-term memory loss but able to hide (mask) symptoms or engage in show time ·
  • Mood: Fluctuations
  • Depressed/anxious
  • Paranoia
  • May accuse spouse of infidelity, aggression
  • Able to engage independently in leisure activities
  • Handwriting is affected
  • Impaired ability to handle financial responsibilities · Still may be able to work but driving skills often compromised

 

PHASE II POSSIBILITIES

Most caregivers are worried that something is wrong and seek medical attention. May be given an incorrect diagnosis (Alzheimer’s, Multisystem atrophy, Multi-Infarct Dementia, Depression, Parkinson’s). Please note that symptoms from later or earlier stages can appear at this phase. It is strongly suggested that caregivers consult with an elder law attorney at this phase. At least, have a Power of Attorney and Medical Power of Attorney document on the patient. Family, friends, caregivers may successfully take financial advantage of LO. Caregivers need to familiarize themselves with all finances and assets to possibly consult with a financial advisor.

  • Ambulates/transfers without assistance but increased risk for falls/requires walker
  • Leaning to one side (Lewy Lean)
  • Possible fainting
  • Able to perform most ADLs without assistance
  • Some autonomic dysfunction (changes in BP, sweating, fainting, dry mouth)
  • Occasional episodes of incontinence (one or two a month)
  • Constipation
  • Parkinson’s symptoms may be controlled with medication
  • Increased difficulty in:
    • Finding words (aphasia)
    • Organizing thoughts
    • Reading & comprehension
    • Following TV programs
    • Operating home appliances
  • May be able to administer own medications
  • Able to follow content of most conversations
  • Able to be left unsupervised for two or more hours
  • Delusions
  • Capgras Syndrome (seeing or thinking that a person or objects have been replaced by another identical one)
  • May be more depressed
  • More paranoid and more agitated

 

PHASE III POSSIBILITIES

Most caregivers have the correct diagnosis. Caregiver and patient actively grieve. Caregivers need regular planned respite. Caregiver needs require regular preventive health care. Caregivers may need home health aide assistance to maintain LO in the home. Patient is at risk for long-term care due to: psychological symptoms, personal safety risk, and caregiver safety risk. The needs of the patient affect personal finances. Please note that symptoms from later or earlier stages can appear at this phase.

  • Ambulation/transfers are impaired
  • Needs assistance with some portion of movement
  • At risk for falls
  • Increase of Parkinsonism symptoms
  • Increase of autonomic dysfunctions
  • Frequent episodes of incontinence (two+ per week)
  • Needs assistance/supervision with most ADLs
  • May require DME
  • Speech becomes impaired
  • Projection (volume) may decrease
  • Able to follow content of most simple/brief conversations or simple commands
  • Increased difficulty with expressive language
  • Able to be left unsupervised less than one hour but unable to work or drive
  • Unable to administer medication without supervision
  • Unable to organize or participate in leisure activities
  • Inability to tell time or comprehend time passing
  • Mood fluctuations (depressed, paranoid, anxious, angry) requiring medical monitoring
  • Increased confusion
  • Delusions
  • Increased Capgras Syndrome · Severity of symptoms may increase or decrease

 

PHASE IV POSSIBILITIES

Caregiver at high risk for chronic health/joint problems. Self-care is paramount to providing patient care. The needs of the patient require the assistance of a home-health aide/private-duty aide two-to-seven days per week. Increased patient needs may require potential for long-term care placement. Patient may be declared mentally incapacitated. Caregiver may need to explore Hospice services.

  • Needs continuous assistance with ambulation/transfers
  • High risk for falls
  • May need electronic lift recliner chair
  • Needs assistance with all ADLs
  • Requires 24-hour supervision
  • Autonomic dysfunctions need regular medical monitoring
  • Incontinent of bladder and bowel
  • Unable to follow content of most simple/brief conversations or commands
  • Speech limited to simple sentences or one-to-three-word responses
  • Parkinson’s symptoms need regular medical monitoring
  • Choking, difficulty swallowing (dysphasia), aspiration, excessive drooling
  • Increased daytime sleeping
  • Hallucinations prevalent but less troublesome

 

 PHASE V POSSIBILITIES

Caregiver is actively grieving. Potential for increased caregiver stress. Hospice assistance is strongly suggested. Caregiver will need hands-on support from others to maintain LO at home. Caregiver may need to honor decisions made earlier on the Living Will.

  • Dependent for all ADLs
  • Patient may require hospital bed
  • Hoyer lift or Mo-lift, suction machine, etc.
  • Assistance with repositioning
  • High risk for URI, pneumonia, and UTI
  • Skin breakdown
  • May have a fever
  • Difficulty swallowing with possible decision for feeding tube necessary
  • Muscle contractions – hands, legs, arms; lean to either side very pronounced
  • May need nutritional supplements
  • Ensure/Boost/Carnation Instant Breakfast
  • Unable to follow simple commands
  • Decreased or no language skills
  • Constant delusions
  • Fluctuations less frequent and more severe

Visual Disturbances in PD

The Colorado Neurological Institute produces a publication called the CNI Review. The Fall ’05 issue contains a couple of articles that our group might find interesting. One is “Visual Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease and Intervention,” written by an optometrist. All of the atypical Parkinsonism disorders in our group can experience these visual problems. I read about this today on a multiple system atrophy-related online support group.

Here’s what someone on that MSA-related online support group had to say about this article on visual disturbances:

“The important thing I got from the article was that double vision is
intolerable and it gives 3 options for treatment. To me the word
INTOLERABLE is what is important. We didn’t take my Dad’s complaints
seriously enough when he complained about the double vision. We just
thought it was one of those MSA symptoms that he would have to live
with. Finally, my Dad told the ophthalmologist himself and he was given
the prescription for the Fresnel Prism Overlay. Works well for him.”

You can find the full publication (5MB+) online: (takes about a minute to download, even with high-speed internet access)

https://web.archive.org/web/20060213033243/http://thecni.org/reviews/17-fall05-all.pdf

Visual Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease and Intervention
by Thomas Politzer, O.D, FCOVD, FAAO
CNI Review
Fall 2005

The visual disturbances article starts on page 10 of the CNI Review (which is page 12 of the PDF). Ironically, in the section on reading difficulty and skipping lines, there seems to be a problem in the article. I think some text is missing.

Robin

“Diagnostic criteria of dementia” (Canadian journal article)

I’ve been looking lately into the definition of dementia. When caregivers of those with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) call me for the first time, I often ask “does your loved one have dementia,” knowing that at least half of those with PSP have dementia as a primary symptom. Often the caregivers will say “no,” and then go on to tell me how their loved one can no longer balance a checkbook, make investment decisions, or make any sort of decisions. Perhaps these caregivers are embarrassed to say that their loved ones are demented. Or perhaps the only kind of dementia they are aware of is Alzheimer’s Disease, and they know their loved ones don’t have that. Or perhaps we are using different definitions or criteria.

The only standard definition of dementia I’m aware of is the DSM IV criteria. (DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, published by the American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.) According to a University of Alberta website:

“Dementia is a clinical state characterized by loss of function in multiple cognitive domains. The most commonly used criteria for diagnoses of dementia is the DSM-IV. Diagnostic features include: memory impairment and at least one of the following: aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, disturbances in executive functioning. In addition, the cognitive impairments must be severe enough to cause impairment in social and occupational functioning. Importantly, the decline must represent a decline from a previously higher level of functioning. Finally, the diagnosis of dementia should NOT be made if the cognitive deficits occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.”

(Wikipedia definitions: aphasia = loss of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language; apraxia = loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements; agnosia = loss of knowledge or loss of the ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells)

The problem is that there are many different types of dementia (70 or 80 types) and their characterizations are all so different. And, as the abstract below indicates, not all types of dementia have memory impairment.

Robin

——————

The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2007 Mar;34 Suppl 1:S11-8.

Bouchard RW.
Clinique de mémoire et unité de recherche Alzheimer, CHA Hôpital de I’Enfant-Jésus, Québec, QC, Canada.

In the past two decades there has been a tremendous effort among clinicians and searchers to improve the diagnostic criteria of the dementias on the basis of the differential neurological and neuropsychological profiles. This was an obligatory requirement for clinical trials and the development of treatments. Over the years it became rapidly evident that the cohorts of patients in studies had some degree of heterogeneity, making it difficult to interpret the results of some studies, particularly in the vascular dementias and the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group. For example, many sub-types of the vascular group were included in clinical trials, such as the cortical strokes, the lacunar states and the diffuse white matter disease cases, and some of the patients might have had also mixed pathology. In addition, the standard DSM IV criteria for dementia no longer represent our present knowledge of the clinical profile of some of the dementias such as vascular dementia (VaD) and fronto-temporal dementia where the memory impairment is not necessarily the first requirement. To improve the validity of clinical trials and eventually help developing more appropriate treatments, we revised the present diagnostic criteria and made recommendations for some changes in the context of the 2nd Canadian Conference on the Development of Antidementia Therapies, held in 2004 and reviewed in the light of the recent literature as of early 2006. It is expected that in the near future, these dementia criteria for clinical trials will have to be revised again in order to include specific subtypes of the dementias as well as biomarkers, structural and functional imaging.

PubMed ID#: 17469675 (see pubmed.gov for the abstract only)